物理一般氣體定律 DSE、CE 選擇題

1.

The difference in absolute temperature of two bodies is $100$ K. Express the temperature difference in degree Celsius.

2.

A tyre of a car is filled with air at a temperature of $20^\circ$ C and a pressure of $200$ kPa. After driving for some time, the temperature of the air inside the tyre increases to $30^\circ$ C and the capacity of the tyre increases by $1\%$ . Find the pressure inside the tyre.

3.

Syringe with piston containing gas connected by rubber tubing to a Bourdon gauge

The above apparatus is used to study the relation between the pressure and volume of a fixed mass of gas at constant temperature. Which of the following can improve the accuracy of the experiment ?

4.

Graph of y against x: experimental points on a straight line with positive intercept y0 on the y axis

The above graph shows the result obtained when an experiment is performed to study the relation between the pressure and temperature of a fixed mass of gas at constant volume. Which of the following statements is/are correct ?

(1)The

y

- and

x

-axes denote the pressure and temperature of the gas respectively.

(2)The slope of the graph denotes the volume of the gas.

(3)The intercept

y_0

denotes the absolute zero temperature.

5.

Flask of gas heated by a burner in a beaker of water with stirrer and thermometer, connected by rubber tubing to a Bourdon gauge

The above apparatus is used to study the relation between pressure and temperature of a fixed mass of gas at constant volume. Which of the following can improve the accuracy of the experiment ?

(1)using a larger flask

(2)using a shorter length of rubber tubing to connect the gauge and the flask

(3)setting up a control experiment with the burner removed

6.

The graph shows the $V$ - $T$ relation of a fixed mass of ideal gas. Point $X$ denotes the initial state of the gas. The gas changes its state from $X$ to $Y$ , then from $Y$ to $Z$ and finally from $Z$ back to $X$ along the path shown. Which of the following statements about the pressure of the gas is/are correct ?

(1)The pressure remains unchanged in the transition from

X

to

Y

.

(2)The pressure increases in the transition from

Y

to

Z

.

(3)The pressure decreases in the transition from

Z

to

X

.

V against T graph: X to Y along a straight line towards the upper right, Y to Z vertically down, Z to X horizontally

7.

P-V graph: curve C with points X, Y and Z joined by the path X to Y (horizontal), Y to Z (vertical), Z to X along the curve

The curve $C$ in the graph shows the $P$ - $V$ relation of a fixed mass of ideal gas at a certain temperature. Point $X$ denotes the initial state of the gas. The state of the gas is now changed along the path shown from $X$ to $Y$ , then from $Y$ to $Z$ , and finally from $Z$ back to $X$ along the curve $C$ . Which of the following statements is/are correct ?

(1)The temperature of the gas remains unchanged in the transition from

X

to

Y

.

(2)The temperature of the gas decreases in the transition from

Y

to

Z

.

(3)The temperature of the gas remains unchanged in the transition from

Z

to

X

.

8.

A cylinder contains a fixed mass of gas at a pressure of $10^5$ N m $^{-2}$ and a temperature of $27^\circ$ C. The cylinder is compressed to half of its original volume and the pressure increases to $3\times10^5$ N m $^{-2}$ . Find the final temperature of the gas.

9.

A fixed mass of gas at $120^\circ$ C is heated at constant volume so that its pressure is tripled. Find the new temperature of the gas.

10.

Which of the following graphs correctly shows the relation between the pressure $P$ and volume $V$ of a fixed mass of gas at constant temperature ?

Four graphs: A P against 1/V curve; B 1/P against 1/V straight line; C P against 1/V straight line through the origin with dashed extension; D P against V straight line